Overview
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are a class of synthetic, next-generation refrigerants and industrial chemicals developed as environmentally sustainable alternatives to hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and other high-global-warming-potential (GWP) substances. Characterized by their unsaturated chemical structure—featuring at least one carbon-carbon double bond—HFOs break down more rapidly in the atmosphere due to this reactivity, significantly reducing their atmospheric lifetime and overall climate impact. With near-zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and GWPs that are often orders of magnitude lower than traditional HFCs, HFOs are increasingly adopted in applications such as refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, and aerosol propellants.
​HFO
Formulas
Chemical Composition
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are unsaturated organic compounds composed of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and fluorine (F), distinguished by the presence of at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) in their molecular structure.
Their general chemical formula typically follows a pattern such as CₙHₘFₚ, where the double bond reduces saturation and enhances atmospheric reactivity. For example, HFO-1234yf, a widely used refrigerant, has the formula CF₃CF=CH₂.
Manufacturing
Production Process
Production of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) begins with fluorinated starting materials, like HCFC-1233xf, undergoing a reaction called dehydrohalogenation. Here, chlorine and hydrogen atoms are stripped away using heat and catalysts, forming a carbon-carbon double bond—the key feature that lets HFOs break down quickly in the atmosphere. The crude product is then purified to remove byproducts like hydrochloric acid (HCl), ensuring environmental safety and performance. This streamlined process creates refrigerants with ultra-low global warming potential, aligning with global efforts to phase out climate-damaging chemicals.
Distribution
Packaging and Supply Chain Logistics
Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) are distributed through carefully managed networks to balance safety and sustainability. Packaged in leak-proof cylinders or ISO-certified containers, they’re transported via road, rail, or sea with strict protocols to prevent spills and degradation. Supply chains prioritize real-time tracking, certified handlers, and partnerships with recycling facilities to reuse containers. This logistics framework ensures HFOs meet global climate standards while safely reaching industries—from auto manufacturers to HVAC systems—transitioning to low-carbon alternatives.
Regulations
HFO import regulations are shaped by global climate agreements like the Kigali Amendment, which phases out high-GWP refrigerants while promoting HFO alternatives. Countries enforce strict rules: importers must meet quotas (e.g., EU F-Gas limits), provide safety certifications, and submit documentation proving HFOs’ low environmental impact. To learn more about the regulations, please click the link below.